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<p>ä¸è¬åè©ã®è³ªåæï¼çåæï¼ãå¦å®æã§ã¯</p>



<p>æç« ä½ææã«åè©ã®Doã使ããã¾ãã</p>



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<p><em>I like baseball.</em> (è¯å®)<br>ç§ã¯éçã好ãã§ãã</p>



<p><em>Do you like baseballï¼</em> (質å)<br>éçã好ãã§ããï¼</p>



<p><em>I do not like baseball.</em> (å¦å®)<br>éçã好ãã§ã¯ããã¾ããã</p>



<div style="height:1px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<p>ä¸æè°ãããªãã£ãã§ããï¼</p>



<p>ããã¯beåè©ã使ã£ã質åæã</p>



<p>å¦å®æã¨ã¯ç°ãªã£ã¦ãã¾ãã</p>



<div style="height:1px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<p><em>I am a student.</em> (è¯å®)<br>ç§ã¯å¦çã§ãã</p>



<p><em>Are you a studentï¼</em> (質å)<br>ããªãã¯å¦çã§ããï¼</p>



<p><em>I am not a student.</em> (å¦å®)<br>ç§ã¯å¦çã§ã¯ããã¾ããã</p>



<div style="height:1px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<p>beåè©ã¯beåè©ã使ã£ã¦æç« ãä½æããã®ã«ã</p>



<p>ä¸è¬åè©ã¯doã使ã£ã¦æç« ãä½ãã¾ãã</p>



<p>ããããè±èªã®æ´å²ããã©ãã¨doã使ããªã</p>



<p>æ代ããã£ããã¨ãç¥ã£ã¦ãã¾ããï¼</p>



<div style="height:1px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<p><em>Like you baseball?</em></p>



<p><em>I not like baseball.</em></p>



<div style="height:1px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<p>å®ã¯ãããã使ãæ¹ãããã¤ã¦åå¨ãã¾ããã</p>



<p>ç¾ä»£ã§ã¯ä¸è¬åè©ã®ä»£ããã«doãç½®ãã®ã§ã</p>



<p>ãã®doããããã¼ã®doãã¨å¼ã³ã¾ãã</p>



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<p class="has-medium-font-size"><mark style="background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)" class="has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color">ããã¼ã®doã¯å©åè©ã§ã</mark>ã</p>



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<p>ä»ã«ã<a href="https://karakurieigo.com/present-progressive/" data-type="URL" data-id="https://karakurieigo.com/present-progressive/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">é²è¡å½¢ãåã身ã§ä½¿ãbeåè©</a></p>



<p><a href="https://karakurieigo.com/present-perfect/" data-type="URL" data-id="https://karakurieigo.com/present-perfect/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">å®äºå½¢ã«ä½¿ãhaveãå©åè©</a>ã§ãã</p>



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<p>Can ãwillãmustã¯æ³å©åè©ã</p>



<p>Doãbeãhaveã¯ç¬¬ä¸å©åè©ã¨è¨ãã¾ãã</p>



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<p class="has-medium-font-size">å©åè©ãã¹ã¦ã«å ±éãã¦è¨ããã®ã¯</p>



<p class="has-medium-font-size">æå¶ãã³ã³ããã¼ã«ãã¦ãã</p>



<p>ã¨ããäºã§ãã</p>



<div style="height:1px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<p class="has-medium-font-size">æå¶ã奪ãããå©åè©ã¨ã»ããã®</p>



<p class="has-medium-font-size">æ¬åè©ã¯å¿ ãåå½¢ã§ãã</p>



<div style="height:1px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<p><em>He does not <strong>walks</strong></em>ã®ããã«</p>



<p>åè©ã<strong>ç¾å¨å½¢</strong>ã«ã¯ãã¾ããã</p>



<div style="height:1px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<p>æå¶ã奪ã£ãå©åè©ã¯ã</p>



<p>Doã¨doesãªãç¾å¨æå¶ã</p>



<p>Didãªãéå»æå¶ã§ãã</p>



<p>Willãªãç¾å¨æå¶ã</p>



<p>Wouldãªãéå»æå¶ã§ãã</p>



<p>æå¶ã¯ç¾å¨ã¨éå»2ã¤ããããã¾ããã<br>ï¼<a href="https://karakurieigo.com/tense-aspect/" data-type="URL" data-id="https://karakurieigo.com/tense-aspect/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">æå¶ã®ã¾ã¨ããè¦ã¦ããã ãã¨è¦çãåºããã¾ã</a>ï¼</p>



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<p>ããã¦ãããã¼ã®doã®ããä¸ã¤ã®æ©è½ã¯</p>



<p>質åæã«ãããæåã®ç¶æã§ãã</p>



<p>ããã¼ã®doãç½®ããã¨ã§ãSVOã®èªé ã</p>



<p>ç¶æãããã¨ã«ä¸å½¹è²·ã£ã¦ãã¾ãã</p>



<p>ã ããå©åè©ãªãã§ãã</p>



<p>ã§ã¯ãã©ã®ããã«çºå±ãã¦ãããã«ã¤ãã¦</p>



<p>ç°¡åã«è§£èª¬ãã¦ããããã¨æãã¾ãã</p>



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<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="å©åè©doã®è¯å®æãåå¨ãã¦ãã">å©åè©doã®è¯å®æãåå¨ãã¦ãã</h2>



<p>ããã¼doã®åºèªã«ã¤ãã¦ã¯1ã¤ã¨ããäºã§ã¯ãªã</p>



<p>ããã¤ãæåãªèª¬ãããã¾ãã</p>



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<p>ä¾ãã°ãã¢ã³ã°ããµã¯ã½ã³äººãã¤ã³ã°ã©ã³ã諸島ã«</p>



<p>å ¥ã£ã¦ãã以åããä½ãã§ããã±ã«ã人ã®è¨èªã«</p>



<p>åãç¨æ³ãããã¨è¨ããã¦ãã¾ãã</p>



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<p>ã¾ãããã©ã³ã¹èªã®å½±é¿ãåãã¦ãã</p>



<p>ã¨è¨ã説ããããç¹ã«å¦å®æã®ä½ãæ¹</p>



<p>ã«æ¼ãã¦ããã£ãããªå¤é·ã辿ã£ã¦ãã¾ãã</p>



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<p>ããã«ãå®å ¨ãªèªå½åè©ããã®çºå±ãã</p>



<p>代åè©ããã®çºå±ã使役åè©ããã®çºå±</p>



<p>ãªã©ãããã¾ãã</p>



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<p>èªå½åè©ã¨ã¯ä¾ãã°ããããã</p>



<p>ã¨è¨ãæ¬æ¥ã®æå³ã¨ããäºã§ãã</p>



<p><em>I<strong> do</strong> my homework.</em></p>



<p>宿é¡<strong>ããã</strong></p>



<p>æå³ãæã£ãdoã®äºã§ããã</p>



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<p>代åè©ã¨ã¯ç¹°ãè¿ããé¿ããããã«ä½¿ãdoã®äºã§ã</p>



<p>代åè©ãã¤ã¡ã¼ã¸ããã¨åãããããã§ãã</p>



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<p><em>I love you more today than ( I did ) yesterday.</em><br>æ¨æ¥æãã¦ãããããããªããæãã¦ããã</p>



<div style="height:1px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<p>Loveãå è¡è©ã§didã代åè©ã§ãããã«è¨ãã¨loveã®ããã¼ã§ãã</p>



<p>使役åè©ã¨ã¯ãä»åãããã¨è¨ã</p>



<p>ãã¥ã¢ã³ã¹ãå«ãã åè©ã§ããã</p>



<div style="height:1px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<p><em>The king <strong>did write</strong> a letter</em>.</p>



<p><em>The king <strong>wrote</strong> a letter.</em></p>



<p>çãæç´ãæ¸ããã</p>



<div style="height:1px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<p>ãã®2æã¯åãæå³ã§ãã</p>



<p>didã使ã£ãæç« ã§ã¯</p>



<p>ãçãæç´ãæ¸ãããã«èªåã«ä»åããã</p>



<p>ã¨è¨ãåããã©ãæå³ãå å¨ãã¦ãã¾ãã</p>



<p>ãã®åããã©ã使役ã®doãåãã¦çºè¦ãããã®ã¯</p>



<p>13ä¸ç´ã®ã¤ã®ãªã¹å西é¨ãããã ããã§ãã</p>



<div style="height:1px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<blockquote class="wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow">
<p>a.His sclauyn he <strong>dude</strong> dun <strong>legge</strong>(ä¸æè±èª)<br>his pilgrim’s-cloak he <strong>did</strong> down <strong>lay</strong>(åèªå¤æ)<br>‘He laid down his pilgrim’s cloak.’(ç¾ä»£è±èª)<br>å½¼ã¯èªèº«ã®å·¡ç¤¼è ãã³ããæ·ãã(å訳)<br>c1300 (?c1225) Horn 1057 (Denison 264)</p>
<cite><a href="https://www.kul.pl/files/165/history%20of%20english/18Do-periphrasis.pdf" data-type="URL" data-id="https://www.kul.pl/files/165/history%20of%20english/18Do-periphrasis.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.kul.pl/files/165/history%20of%20english/18Do-periphrasis.pdf</a></cite></blockquote>



<div style="height:1px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<blockquote class="wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow">
<p>b. toward þe stude þat þe sonne: In winter <strong>does</strong> <strong>a-rise</strong>.(ä¸æè±èª)<br>towards the place that the sun in winter <strong>does</strong> <strong>arise</strong>(åèªå¤æ)<br>å¬ã®å¤ªé½ãæãæ¹è§ã«åãã£ã¦(å訳)<br>c1300 Sleg.Patr.Purg (Ld) 205.191 (Denison 264)</p>
<cite><a href="https://www.kul.pl/files/165/history%20of%20english/18Do-periphrasis.pdf" data-type="URL" data-id="https://www.kul.pl/files/165/history%20of%20english/18Do-periphrasis.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.kul.pl/files/165/history%20of%20english/18Do-periphrasis.pdf</a></cite></blockquote>



<div style="height:1px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<p>æç« aã§ã¯layã¨ããåè©ãããã®ã«<strong>did</strong>ã</p>



<p>ä»ã足ããæç« bã§ã¯åè©ariseã®åã«</p>



<p>ãããã<strong>does</strong>ãã¤ã足ãã¦ãã¾ãã</p>



<p>ããã¯è¯å®æã§ä½¿ããã表ç¾ã§ããã</p>



<p>15ä¸ç´ã¾ã§å ¨å½çã«ã¯é常ã«ã¾ãã§</p>



<p>makeãletãªã©ã®ä½¿å½¹æ§æã好ã¾ããããã§ãã</p>



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<p>åè©ã¯äººç§°ãæå¶ã«ãã£ã¦å¤åããã</p>



<p>ç©ãªã®ã§ããããå¤åããå½¢ãåãããªããã°ã</p>



<p>didãdoesãåè©ã®åå½¢ã¨çµã¿åããã¦ä½¿ã</p>



<p>ã¨è¨ãã®ã¯èµ·ããå¾ãã®ã§ã¯ãªããã¨</p>



<p>åã¯æã£ã¦ãã¾ãã</p>



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<p>ç¾ä»£è±èªã«ããã¦ããã®åããã©ãdo</p>



<p>ã®ä½¿ç¨ãè¦ãããªããã¨ã¯ã</p>



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<h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="å©åè©doã®å¦å®ã®æ´å²">å©åè©doã®å¦å®ã®æ´å²</h2>



<p>ä¸æ¹ã§å¦å®å½¢ã¯ä¸è¨ã®å½±é¿ãåãã¤ã¤</p>



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<blockquote class="wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow">
<p>ï¼ï¼Ic <strong>ne</strong> secge.<br>ï¼ï¼I <strong>ne</strong> seye <strong>not</strong>.<br>ï¼ï¼I say <strong>not</strong> .<br>ï¼ï¼I <strong>not</strong> say.<br>ï¼ï¼I do <strong>not </strong>say.<br>ï¼ï¼I do<strong>n&#8217;t</strong> say</p>
<cite><a href="https://www.sprach-und-literaturwissenschaften.uni-muenchen.de/studium/studienbuero/forschungsprojekte/bisherige-projekte/reinfeld.pdf" data-type="URL" data-id="https://www.sprach-und-literaturwissenschaften.uni-muenchen.de/studium/studienbuero/forschungsprojekte/bisherige-projekte/reinfeld.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.sprach-und-literaturwissenschaften.uni-muenchen.de/studium/studienbuero/forschungsprojekte/bisherige-projekte/reinfeld.pdf</a></cite></blockquote>



<div style="height:1px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div>



<p>å¤è±èªã®Ic <strong>ne</strong> secge.ãç¾ä»£è±èªã«ããã¨</p>



<p>I <strong>not</strong> sayã¨ãI <strong>no</strong> sayã«ãªãã¾ãã</p>



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<p>åè©ã®åã«å¦å®è¾ãããã®ããä¸è¬çã§ããã</p>



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<p>åè©ãå¦å®è¾ã§æãç¨æ³ãçã¾ãã¾ãã</p>



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<p>I <strong>ne</strong> seye <strong>not</strong>.ãç¾ä»£é¢¨ã«ããã¨</p>



<p>I <strong>not</strong> say <strong>nothing</strong>ã¨ã I <strong>no</strong> say <strong>nothing</strong>ã§ãã</p>



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<p>ãããã<span class="has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color">ãã®ç¨æ³ã¯2éå¦å®ã«è¦ããã®ã§</span>ã</p>



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<p>ï¼åæã«å¼±é³ã ã£ãå¯è½æ§ããããï¼</p>



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<p>I say <strong>not</strong> .ã¯I say <strong>nothing</strong>.ã§ããã</p>



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<p>ããã¦Sayã¨notã®å ¥ãæ¿ããç¾è±¡ãèµ·ãã¾ããã</p>



<p>I<strong> not</strong> say.</p>



<p><strong>ne</strong>ã¨<strong>not</strong>ã®éãã¯ããã¾ããã</p>



<p>åè©ã®åã«å¦å®è¾ãç½®ãã¨ãã</p>



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<p>ãããã16ä¸ç´ã¨è¨ãå ã1ä¸ç´ã®éã ããã</p>



<p>è¦ãããªãç¾è±¡ãªã®ã§ãæ©ã段éã§</p>



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<p>I not sayã¯not ãIãå¦å®ãã¦ããã®ã</p>



<p>sayãå¦å®ãã¦ããã®ãã¯ã£ããåãããªã</p>



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<p>16ä¸ç´é ã¯çåæã§ãããããã¼ã使ãããããã«</p>



<p>ãªãã¾ããããããã¯ã主èªã¨è¿°èªåè©ã</p>



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<a href="https://blog.with2.net/link/?id=2078514&;cid=1932"><img alt="" width="110" height="31" src="https://blog.with2.net/img/banner/c/banner_1/br_c_1932_1.gif" title="è±èªã©ã³ãã³ã°"></a><br><a href="https://blog.with2.net/link/?id=2078514&;cid=1932" style="font-size: 0.9em;">è±èªã©ã³ãã³ã°</a>



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<p><a href="https://www.kul.pl/files/165/history%20of%20english/18Do-periphrasis.pdf">https://www.kul.pl/files/165/history%20of%20english/18Do-periphrasis.pdf</a></p>



<p><a href="https://www.sprach-und-literaturwissenschaften.uni-muenchen.de/studium/studienbuero/forschungsprojekte/bisherige-projekte/reinfeld.pdf">https://www.sprach-und-literaturwissenschaften.uni-muenchen.de/studium/studienbuero/forschungsprojekte/bisherige-projekte/reinfeld.pdf</a></p>



<p><a href="https://www.academia.edu/35376870/The_origin_of_periphrastic_DO_a_sociolinguistic_approach_Bomm_1">https://www.academia.edu/35376870/The_origin_of_periphrastic_DO_a_sociolinguistic_approach_Bomm_1</a></p>



<p><a href="https://wannes.me/log/posts/25/jespersens-cycle">https://wannes.me/log/posts/25/jespersens-cycle</a></p>

助動詞doは何のためにあるのか考えたことありませんか？
